Requirements for machining tools for aerospace parts
In recent years, my country‘s aerospace industry has been making continuous progress, and good news has been constantly coming from the aerospace field, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of the domestic aerospace parts manufacturing industry. However, with the increasing requirements for parts in the aerospace field, the difficulty of parts processing is increasing, and various new materials, new technologies and new structures are emerging in an endless stream. The requirements for machining tools for aviation parts processing are constantly increasing, which is also a problem that manufacturers in this industry need to solve.
There are quite a lot of parts needed in aerospace, such as engine discs, shaft parts, turbine casings, landing gear, etc. The processing difficulty of these parts is relatively high, and new challenges are constantly increasing. For manufacturers, in order to cope with the challenges, they should try to be as economical and efficient as possible.
At present, the tool materials needed for the aerospace manufacturing industry can basically be divided into several categories:
1. Tool steel. The more commonly used materials include high-speed steel, carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel.
2. Cemented carbide. This material is widely used in the aerospace manufacturing industry and is the leading tool.
3. Ceramics. Compared with cemented carbide, ceramic materials are more excellent in wear resistance, hardness, and hot hardness. In addition, the chemical properties of ceramics are relatively good, and they have good oxidation resistance. Therefore, in the future, the use of ceramic materials to produce aerospace industry tools may be the mainstream.
4 Superhard tool materials.
When processing parts, groove processing and hole processing are difficult parts. The processing of engine disc parts, shaft parts, and casing parts has strict requirements on processing tools. Therefore, these parts use a large amount of high-performance cemented carbide standard tools and cemented carbide non-standard tools when processing.
When manufacturers select tools in the actual processing process, they should fully consider factors such as the material of the parts, the shape of the parts, the processing requirements of the parts, the processing machine tools, the rigidity of the system, and the surface quality technical requirements.
Take the turbine casing parts as an example to briefly introduce the required tools and processing requirements.
1. From the material analysis of parts, it is often necessary to use a large amount of deformed high-temperature alloys, cast high-temperature alloys and other materials that are difficult to process. These materials have low thermal conductivity, high strength and high cutting temperature, which makes them easy to harden during processing. The tool wears quickly during cutting, so the tool life is short and the tool consumption is relatively large. In the future, to improve the utilization efficiency of tools, it is necessary to reasonably select the tool geometry.
2. From the structure of parts, the material wall is thin and the rigidity is poor, so the processing difficulty is naturally high. When processing the raised part of the parts, the tool system is easy to interfere with the parts and fixtures. Therefore, in order to reduce mutual interference, the tool path must be optimized, such as using plunge milling instead of side milling, using empty stroke to move the tool quickly, optimizing the position of the tool lift, and using spiral interpolation when milling.
3. From the perspective of the processing procedures, the processing of the casing needs to go through the steps of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing. In order to save the cost of tools, manufacturers can use high-performance ceramic milling cutters for roughing, and standard carbide tools and non-standard high-performance special tools for semi-finishing and finishing. According to actual processing experience, this can significantly improve production efficiency.
In addition, from the perspective of the economy of aerospace parts processing, the tool configuration plan needs to be continuously improved, and high-performance products should be used as much as possible.
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